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The Great Kanto Earthquake and the Chimera of National Reconstruction in Japan年終慶 博客來

In September 1923, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake devastated eastern Japan, killing more than 120,000 people and leaving two million homeless. Using a rich array of source material, J. Charles Schencking tells for the first time the graphic tale of Tokyo’s destruction and rebirth. In emotive prose, he documents how the citizens of Tokyo experienced this unprecedented calamity and explores the ways in which it rattled people’s deep-seated anxieties about modernity. While explaining how and why the disaster compelled people to reflect on Japanese society, he also examines how reconstruction encouraged the capital’s inhabitants to entertain new types of urbanism as they rebuilt their world.
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博客來 Some residents hoped that a grandiose metropolis, reflecting new values, would rise from the ashes of disaster-ravaged Tokyo. Many, however, desired a quick return of the city they once called home. Opportunistic elites advocated innovative state infrastructure to better manage the daily lives of Tokyo residents. Others focused on rejuvenating society—morally, economically, and spiritually—to combat the perceived degeneration of Japan. Schencking explores the inspiration behind these dreams and the extent to which they were realized. He investigates why Japanese citizens from all walks of life responded to overtures for renewal with varying degrees of acceptance, ambivalence, and resistance. His research not only sheds light on Japan’s experience with and interpretation of the earthquake but also challenges widespread assumptions that disasters unite stricken societies, creating a “blank slate” for radical transformation. National reconstruction in the wake of the Great Kantō Earthquake, Schencking demonstrates, proved to be illusive.
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  作者： J. Charles Schencking    新功能介紹
• 出版社：香港大學出版社    新功能介紹
• 出版日期：2013/09/01
• 語言：英文

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The Great Kanto Earthquake and the Chimera of National Reconstruction in Japan年終慶

內容來自YAHOO新聞

分解寶特瓶塑料的細菌？日本科學家新發現

人類一年製造多達3億1100噸的垃圾，不但無法在自然狀態下分解，也僅1/10可進行資源回收。近日，日本科學家發現了一種細菌，可以打斷聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯的分子鍵，亦即，有效分解PET塑膠。

分解塑料

研究人員在大阪的寶特瓶回收廠分析250項沉積物後，偶然發現了一種細菌能消耗塑膠。這種名為「Ideonella sakaiensis201-F6」的細菌能夠將塑料分解成2項對環境無害的化學物質，《探索新聞網》（Discovery News）解釋，分解過程需要6周時間，但研究人員相信未來可以把時間縮短。

《衛報》（The Guardian）提醒，由於塑膠瓶是由高度結晶的PET製成，細菌消耗的速度較慢。

但有趣的是，《科學》雜誌（Science）解釋，科學家相信細菌「I. sakaiensis 201-F6」經過時間形成的2種酵素能夠分解PET，消耗過去70年來環境中累積的塑膠塑酯。

「如果你把細菌放在只有1種食物的環境下，久而久之他們就會習慣了。」微生物學家說。然而在這個階段，我們還不能直接將細菌丟在塑膠堆上，「我們發現了運用生物法回收塑膠垃圾的可能性，而這只是第一步。」研究人員說，「我們想要將這個發現做實際應用。」

PET塑膠

PET塑膠全名是「聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯」（Polyethylene terephthalate），由於耐熱和穩定性良好，為最常見的容器與包裝材料，但也因為其高穩定性而無法在自然環境中分解。PET最常被製成寶特瓶，光是寶特瓶就占了全球塑膠製品總量的1/5。

美科學家發現海洋微生物會攝食塑膠廢料

美國麻州伍茲霍爾海洋研究所（Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution）的人員在北大西洋的藻海（North Atlantic Ocean's Sargasso Sea）研究當地因洋流而易於囤積的塑膠碎料。

他們以電子顯微鏡發現塑膠中有一種細菌，這種細菌住在塑膠碎片的孔洞中，並以塑膠為食，但在周圍的海草以及海水中，都找不到同種細菌，這可以解釋為何海洋中的塑膠量似乎沒有增加。專家們希望進一步研究這些細菌攝食塑膠毒素後，會不會影響食物鏈更上層生物。

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新聞來源https://tw.news.yahoo.com/分解寶特瓶塑料的細菌-日本科學家新發現-074800870.html

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